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中国科学家为何要把算力“打”上天？,中国科学家为何要把算力“打”上天？_我的网站

海贼王

A | 　　人造卫星通常在通信、导航、遥感、科学探测等领域发挥作用，如今，中国科学家正尝试让卫星多一颗“大脑”——把算力也送上太空。

An Apple store in Shanghai Photo: VCG
Apple Intelligence has been formally integrated with Alibaba's Qwen model on macOS, according to Apple's Chinese website on Saturday, enabling voice assistant and text-generation functions and marking a significant step forward in the rollout of Apple's AI services in the Chinese market.
Users need to configure the feature in system settings and log in to a Qwen account before it can be used, the website shows. Once set up, they can generate text through Writing Tools and use Siri to obtain answers from Qwen.
Users control when Qwen is used and are asked before any information is shared, according to the website. They can also choose to let Siri send requests to Qwen automatically without asking. Alibaba cannot use these requests to improve or train its models, the website says.
On July 15, China's cyberspace regulator published its latest registration list for generative AI services, under which seven on-device generative AI services for mobile phones, including "Apple Intelligence," completed registration. The filing lists Apple Technology Development (Shanghai) Co as the registrant for "Apple Intelligence," according to the official WeChat account of Cyberspace Administration of China.
Alibaba's Qwen model would be integrated into Apple Intelligence across Apple's iPhone (iOS), iPad (iPadOS), Mac (macOS) and Vision Pro (visionOS) operating systems in China, Reuters reported in July.
As of press time, the Global Times found no corresponding information on Apple's web pages for iOS, iPadOS and visionOS devices such as the iPhone, iPad and Apple Vision Pro indicating that Apple Intelligence there supports Qwen.
Alibaba is not Apple's only AI partner in China, however.
Apple will also work with Baidu, with the two sides focusing on developing AI search capabilities, the National Business Daily reported, citing a person familiar with the matter. Those capabilities form part of the Apple Intelligence feature set and, beyond supporting image and text processing, will be used to upgrade the Chinese version of Siri.
Apple reported revenue of $109.4 billion for its fiscal third quarter which ended June 27, up by 16 percent. Revenue in the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao rose by 22 percent to reach $18.816 billion. CEO Tim Cook told CNBC that the iPhone set a June-quarter record in the Greater China region and the Mac its best quarter ever there.
Global Times
。那么，为何一定要把算力“打”上天？　　太空计算星座就像把“电脑”打上天　　2025年5月，我国将全球首个太空计算卫星星座“星算”送入太空。该星座首发12颗卫星，每颗卫星均搭载了星载智算系统、星间通信系统，具备太空计算、太空互联能力。　　那么，什么是“计算卫星”？对此，中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院研究员郑文在中国科学院《科学公开课》中介绍，这就像是把人们常用的笔记本电脑“打”到天上去了，使得原来要在地上处理的数据，可以在天上得到及时处理。　　未来，郑文透露，可能通过星簇或星群组网形成统一的算力供给，最终希望在太空直接建造一个超大型算力中心：“我们可能会在太空中间建一个边长4000米×4000米的一个航天器，来提供无限算力。真正在太空中间建立起一个计算的基础设施，给每一个人提供算力服务。”　　为何一定要把算力“打”上天？　　把算力中心搬上太空有着一定的现实优势，例如，能源——太阳一直在，太阳能源持续可得。此外，空间中背日面温度比较低，在散热、热管理方面有一定优势。　　但是，郑文也指出，这样的优势背后并存的是极端环境的严峻挑战：“这也是至今未能大规模实现太空计算的核心原因。第一个难题是散热，第二个难题是高能粒子辐射。”　　太空中没有空气，散热只能靠辐射散热，因此，太空算力中心就需要巨大的辐射散热面积。　　此外，计算机底层依赖电子“0”和“1”的开关状态，而高能粒子一旦穿透芯片，会把电子打翻。郑文解释称：“原本是‘0’的地方可能就变成‘1’了，原来的‘开’就变成了‘关’，这样一来，输出的信息就会变成乱码”。因此，这两大极端条件正是建设太空计算设施的瓶颈。　　把算力送上太空并非最终目标　　中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院研究员郑文表示，将算力送上天是实现自主智能的关键一步。例如，让中国空间站的机械臂拥有能够计算的“大脑”，从而实现代替航天员执行舱外操作的目标。

B | 　　除了自主操作外，科学家们还希望卫星能够更智能地去完成一些任务。郑文透露，中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院正在设计一款未来航天器——“哪吒(NEZHA)”。从它的名字中可以大致推断出它的形态，郑文介绍，它有“三头六臂”，能变形，还能在太空中自主飞行：“它多了两个手臂，可以自主执行维修任务，例如，有一些卫星坏了或者没有能源了，就可以把这些小‘哪吒’派出去，进行维修、修复。